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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 80(6): 551-559, dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-561824

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Biomedical advances have not decreased the number of premature deliveries. Newborns under 32 weeks constitute the most significant portion of infant mortality in developed countries. Objective: a literature review that identifies risk factors associated to premature labor and highlight strategies that increase survival. Results: Prenatal factor associated to early delivery include Black descent, maternal age, history of premature delivery, socioeconomic stratus, multiple deliveries and infections. Mortality is increased with earlier gestational age and lower fetal weight. Factors associated to increased survival include area of residence and place of birth, uterine transfer, variable levels of neonatal care, use of prenatal corticosteroids to accelerate pulmonary maturation, proactive management during childbirth, use of artificial surfactant and avoid use of steroids after delivery. Neonatal networks improve survival by potentiating best practices. Conclusions: Survival among these patients is enhanced by identification of risk factors for early delivery, knowing strategies that improve survival and planning for delivery in sites where best practices are offered.


La ciencia biomédica no ha logrado disminuir la incidencia de partos prematuros. Los RN menores de 32 semanas, constituyen el principal determinante de la mortalidad infantil en los países más desarrollados. Los objetivos de esta revisión son identificar a través de la literatura médica los factores de riesgo asociados a parto prematuro y destacar las estrategias desarrolladas para mejorar la sobrevida de este grupo etario. Resultados: Entre los factores prenatales asociados a prematurez destaca la raza negra, la edad materna, historia de parto prematuro previo, el nivel socioeconómico, embarazos múltiples e infecciones. Constituyen factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad neonatal, tener menor edad gestacional y peso, ser PEG. Dentro de las estrategias para mejorar la sobrevida destaca la regionalización, el traslado in útero, establecer diferentes niveles de atención en el cuidado neonatal, el uso corticoides pre natal para acelerar la madurez pulmonar, tomar una conducta proactiva al nacer, el uso de surfactante artificial y evitar tratamientos con corticoides después de nacer. Las redes neonatales permiten mejorar la sobrevida potenciando las mejores prácticas médicas. El lugar en que se nace es importante en la sobrevida del recién nacido, Conclusión: Identificar los factores de riesgo de parto prematuro y conocer las estrategias que mejoran la sobrevida de los RN menores de 32 semanas permite planificar el lugar de nacimiento y ofrecer las mejores prácticas clínicas destinadas a reducir la mortalidad de este grupo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care, Neonatal/methods , Infant, Premature , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Perinatal Care/methods , Birth Weight , Gestational Age , Infant Mortality , Morbidity , Risk Factors , Survival Analysis , Obstetric Labor, Premature/etiology
2.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 20(2): 112-118, 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-545892

ABSTRACT

The change of denomination of congenital hip luxation for evolutionary hip displasia is defined and explained, it incluyes luxation, subluxation and hip instability. The frequencies of this pathology in the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile is reported. The finds of significant major frequency in female newborn children, breech presentation and left hip are communicated. Thefamily base of this pathology is confirmed. The recommendations of the experts’ Committee of the American Academy of pediatrics and those of the health department of Chile are given. It is emphasized that the diagnosis must be as precocious as possible and that the best method of diagnosis is Ortolani’s or Barlow maneuver, done by a professional of experience. It is indicated the oportunity in which the ultrasound scan and the hip X-ray must be done, also the recommended treatment. The use of the double diaper is scorned and its possible sequels arecommented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Hip Dislocation, Congenital/diagnosis , Hip Dislocation, Congenital/epidemiology , Hip Dislocation, Congenital/prevention & control , Delivery Rooms/standards , Chile , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Delivery Rooms/statistics & numerical data
3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 71(4): 234-238, 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-436608

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Calcular los costos de la atención neonatal de recién nacidos prematuros y en portadores de malformaciones congénitas mayores compatibles con la vida. Pacientes y Método: Estudio retrospectivo efectuado en el Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, en 82 recién nacidos menores de 34 semanas de gestación y en 14 con malformaciones congénitas mayores, de más de 37 semanas de gestación, compatibles con la vida, atendidos entre enero y diciembre de 2004. Resultados evaluados son los costos de la atención neonatal subdivididos en componentes. Resultados: El costo promedio de la atención neonatal en recién nacidos menores de 34 semanas fue igual a $2.519.508, en menores de 32 semanas igual a $3.766.999, en menores de 1500 gramos igual a $12.017.650 y en portadores de malformaciones congénitas mayores compatibles con la vida de $30.967.180. El día cama representa el componente más significativo dentro cada paquete con más del 60 por ciento del costo promedio. Conclusiones: El costo de la atención neonatal de prematuros menores de 34 semanas o portadores de malformaciones congénitas mayores compatibles con la vida es mayor al contemplado en los paquetes de prestaciones a todo evento, representando el día cama su componente más significativo.


Objective: To calculate the cost involved in the neonatal care of premature or live born babies carriers of mayor congenital abnormalities compatible with life. Patients and method: Retrospective study who analyzed 82 premature live born of less than 34 weeks and 14 live born carriers of mayor congenital abnormalities compatible with life, from January to December 2004, at the Maternity Ward from the University of Chile Clinical Hospital. The outcome measures were the neonatal care average cost package subdivided by components. The cost was expressed in chilean currency. Results: Neonatal care average cost was $2.519.508 in live born of less than 34 weeks, $3.766.999 in less than 32 weeks, $12.017.650 in less than 1500 grams babies and $30.967.180 in carriers of mayor congenital abnormalities. In bed day cost represents the most significant component from the package, representing more than 60 percent of its total cost. Conclusions: Neonatal care cost of premature live born of less than 34 weeks or carriers of mayor congenital abnormalities compatible with life is higher than the maximum cost considered in the every-event health packages, representing in bed day its most significant component.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Abnormalities, Multiple/economics , Perinatal Care/economics , Health Care Costs , Premature Birth/economics , Chile , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Retrospective Studies
4.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 16(3): 204-210, 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-531908

ABSTRACT

Existe mayor mortalidad y morbilidad entre los recién nacidos (RN) que mantienen una depresión cardiorrespiratoria a los cinco minutos de vida a pesar de las maniobras de reanimación. Objetivos: individualizar los factores de riesgo que se asocian a esta condición. Pacientes y método: se estudian los recién nacidos con Apgar menor o igual a tres en el período de enero 2003 a mayo del 2004. Se separan en dos subgrupos. Aquellos que se recuperan con maniobras de reanimación y aquellos RN que mantienen la depresión cardiorrespiratoria a los cinco minutos . Las variables estudiadas fueron peso de nacimiento, edad gestacional (EG) en semanas, la relación entre EG y peso, edad materna, multiparidad, morbilidad materna, factores fetales y ovulares. Resultados. De un total de 1705 RN, 64 RN presentan Apgar menor o igual a tres al minuto de vida. 22 RN ( 34,4 por ciento) no mejoran con las maniobras se reanimación a los 5 minutos. De las variables estudiadas son estadísticamente significativas para mantener una depresión severa al nacer, el extremo bajo peso de nacimiento, edad gestacional baja y la condición de ser pequeño para la edad gestacional (PEG). La mortalidad en este grupo es significativamentemayor. Conclusión Los RN que mantienen depresión a los cinco minutos tienen un peso de nacimiento y EG significativamente menor que aquellos que se recuperan con las maniobras de reanimación y tienen mortalidad significativamente mas alta.


A high rate of morbidity and mortality is present among newborns that maintain a cardiorespiratorydepression at five minutes of life in spite of resuscitation maneuvers. Therefore, it is important to know whichrisk factors are associated with this condition. In the time period between January 1, 2003 and May 1, 2004 there was a total of 1,705 alive newborns. Of these 64 (3,75 percent)had an Apgar score of three or less at a minute of life. Among these there were 22 newborns (34,4 percent) that did not improve with resuscitation maneuvers at 5 minutes of life. Amongst the studiedfactors stand out that newborns that presented prolonged depression had birth weight and gestational age significantly lower than those who recover with resuscitation maneuvers. The newborns with cardiorespiratory depression at 5 minutes of life havealmost twice the mortality rate of those born depressed but that improve before 5 minutes of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Apgar Score , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/mortality , Respiration , Respiratory Mechanics , Infant, Newborn/metabolism , Gestational Age , Parturition
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 131(2): 190-196, 2003. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-342241

ABSTRACT

There were 26,617 births attended at the University of Chile Clinical Hospital, of which 0.63 percent were stillborn. A frequency of malformations of 7.2 per born alive and of 22.1 per stillborn was detected in this population. Aim: To report the frequency of digestive system congenital malformations in this population. Material and methods: Analysis of data from the births that occurred at the University of Chile Hospital, that was gathered using codified form for the Latin American Collaborative Study for Congenital Malformations. Results: Ninety seven digestive congenital malformations were detected, with a rate of 26.4 per 10,000 born alive and 12.2 per 10,000 stillborn. Diaphragmatic hernia was the most frequent malformation found, followed by imperforated anus, onphalocele and esophageal atresia. There was a secular increase in the frequency of these malformations. Conclusions: The frequency of digestive system malformations is higher than in the rest of hospitals participating in the Latin American Collaborative Study for Congenital Malformations


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Digestive System Abnormalities/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Anus, Imperforate , Gastroschisis , Hernia, Umbilical , Esophageal Atresia/epidemiology , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/congenital
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 129(5): 509-14, mayo 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-295252

ABSTRACT

Background: Ambiguous sex has a great phenotypic variability and is a serious medical and social problem. Aim: To study the prevalence of ambiguous sex among newborns. Material and methods: As part of the ECLAMC (Cooperative Latin American Study of Congenital Malformations) all newborns with malformations are registered and the next normal newborn is considered as a control. Results: 50.253 births occurred (between 1982 and 1999) in the University of Chile Maternity Hospital. The rate of congenital malformations was 6.78 percent and the prevalence of ambiguous sex was 4.7 per 10.000 births. Affected children had a lower birth weight, lower gestational age and a lower maternal age than controls. The most frequent associated malformations were of the urinary (64 percent) and cardiovascular systems (60.7 percent). Thirty two percent of affected children had specific syndromes. Conclusions: The prevalence of ambiguous sex in this study was 4.7 per 10.000 births, which is higher than that reported in the ECLAMC (1.9 per 10000)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Hospitals, Maternity/statistics & numerical data , Disorders of Sex Development/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Fetal Death/epidemiology , Sex Characteristics , Sex Differentiation/physiology , Prenatal Diagnosis , Birth Rate , Disorders of Sex Development/diagnosis
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 129(3): 285-93, mar. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-286864

ABSTRACT

Background: ECLAMC is a registry, aimed to assess the incidence of congenital malformations, that started in 1967 and Chile incorporated to it in 1969. Aim: To report the incidence of cleft lip/palate, updated to 1999 in the University of Chile Maternity Hospital and other Chilean hospitals participating in the ECLAMC. Patients and methods: A review of the ECLAMC database that registers all births or stillbirths of more than 500 g. Results : The incidence of orofacial cleft, at the University of Chile Maternity Hospital, in the period 1991-1999 was 17.8 per 10000 (12.6 for cleft lip and 5.2 for cleft palate). The incidence in the rest of participating hospitals was 12.04 and 4.6 respectively. Males had a higher incidence of cleft lip and 80 percent of children with cleft palate, had other malformations, most of them as part of a syndrome (13 and 18 trisomy, holoproscencephalia, Pierre Robin, Apert en EE syndromes, anencephaly etc). In three of 12 children with cleft lip but without cleft palate, there was a relative with the same malformation. Conclusions: It is proposed that both entities, cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate without cleft lip, are two etiopathogenically different conditions


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Cleft Lip/epidemiology , Cleft Palate/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Hospitals, Maternity/statistics & numerical data , Latin America/epidemiology , Abnormalities, Multiple/epidemiology
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(5): 519-25, mayo 2000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-267663

ABSTRACT

Background: Anorectal atresia is a relatively frequent malformation in the newborn. According to the Latin American Collaborative Study for Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), its frequency is 4.1 per 10,000 born alive. Aim: To determine the frequency of anorectal malformations at birth, and compare the figures with those of other maternity hospitals in Chile participating in ECLAMC, with the figures of the whole ECLAMC and with figures from other worldwide monitoring systems. Patients and methods: All births occurred in the University of Chile Clinical Hospital between January 1979 and August 1999, were reviewed. Results: During the study period, 70,242 children were born, 4,486 had a malformation and 54 had an anorectal malformation (7.7 per 10,000 born alive). Fifty nine percent had other associated malformations (of the urinary tract in 42.5 percent, skeletal in 26 percent and cardiovascular in 18.5 percent). Five stillborn babies had other severe malformations. Twenty one children had a fistula. Forty three percent were male, 39 percent female and 18 percent had ambiguous sex. When compared with normal controls, malformed newborns had a lower birth weight, lower gestational age and a higher mean maternal age, a higher frequency of metrorrhagia during the first trimester of pregnancy, a higher number of siblings with malformations and a higher degree of consanguinity among parents. Conclusions: The participation of recessive genes in the etiology of anorectal malformations is suggested


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Anal Canal/abnormalities , Rectum/abnormalities , Digestive System Abnormalities/epidemiology , Anus, Imperforate/epidemiology , Birth Weight , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Gestational Age , Maternal Age , Digestive System Abnormalities/complications
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 127(6): 655-9, jun. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-245306

ABSTRACT

Background: Survival of newborns with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula has increased in the last years. Aim: To assess the prevalence of esophageal atresia and describe associated malformations in Chilean newborns. Material and methods: All births occurring between January 1983 and June 1998 were studied. All malformed children were registered and the next non malformed born child was considered as control. Results: During the study period, 50,965 births occurred and 3,336 malformed children were born. Eighteen (3 stillborn) had esophageal atresia with a rate of 3,53 per 10,000 born alive. Overall survival was 73 percent. Survival among children classified in Waterson groups A and B was 100 percent and 50 percent among those classified in group C. Seventy two percent had associated malformations, being congenital cardiopathies and skeletal malformations the most frequent. VACTERL association was found in 44 percent of children. All stillborn children had other severe malformations. When compared to controls, malformed children had a lower weight, a lower gestational age, their mothers had a higher age, a higher frequency of relatives with malformations and a higher frequency of maternal diseases during the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions: The rate of esophageal atresia found in this study is similar to that reported in other Chilean obstetrical units as part of the Latin American Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Congenital Abnormalities , Delivery Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Esophageal Atresia/epidemiology , Birth Weight , Chile/epidemiology , Gestational Age , Maternal Age , Disease-Free Survival , Esophageal Atresia/complications , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Socioeconomic Factors
10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 127(5): 576-80, mayo 1999. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-243931

ABSTRACT

Background: There is scanty information about bone mineral density in newborns. Normal values are needed to assess the effects of diseases and drugs used during the neonatal period. Aim: To assess bone mineral density in normal newborns. Patients and methods: Total body bone mineral density was measured in 16 newborns with 39 ñ 1.2 weeks of gestational age, using a Norland dual photon densitometer. Results: The mean weight of newborns was 3.366 ñ 325 g. Bone mineral content was 58.3 ñ 10.8 g and bone mineral density was 0.369 ñ 9.6 g/cm2. Results: The availability of normal bone mineral content values in newborns will be useful for the assessment of conditions that affect bone mineralisation


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Female , Densitometry , Bone Density/physiology , Reference Values , Absorptiometry, Photon , Prenatal Diagnosis
11.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 68(6): 267-70, dic. 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-210491

ABSTRACT

Se describe un brote de infecciones por rotavirus en una unidad de neonatología. El intento inicial para controlar el brote solo mediante aislamiento no fue efectivo, pero esto se logró después de evacuar los pacientes de la unidad a una sala especial y el alta con vigilancia ambulatoria de los casos. El brote tuvo carácter epidémico con mayor incidencia de casos alrededor del día doce y disminución hasta desaparecer los casos al dia diecisiete. Los casos comprenden 11 de 41 pacientes hospitalizados durante el periodo de] brote, tres de los cuales fueron sintomáticos. Ellos aparecieron en forma aleatoria en todo la unidad a pesar de estrictas medidas de aislamiento y aseo controlado de personal. No pudo precisarse el origen del caso índice. Se encontró una tasa de ataque de 24,3 por ciento. Los recién nacidos que fueron dados de alta, controlados en sus domicilios, no presentaron ningún episodio diarreico en la semana siguiente al alta


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Cross Infection , Nurseries, Hospital , Rotavirus Infections , Disease Outbreaks , Infection Control , Patient Isolation , Rotavirus Infections/diagnosis , Rotavirus Infections/transmission
12.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 124(3): 313-8, mar. 1996. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173335

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to study tha prevalence at birth and family aggregation of polydactyly in Chile. We studied 125.652 newborns between 1969 and 1991. The prevalence was 1.329 for each 1.000 live newborns and higher in males than in females. Familial recurrence was 22.5 percent and gene penetrance was estimated as 0.5 for the postaxial-A type and 0.3 for the postaxial-B type. Gene penetrance for postaxial-B type was higher in males. Estimation of gene frequencies and mutation rates gave the highest values for postaxial-B polydactyly


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Polydactyly/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Polydactyly/genetics , Sex Distribution
13.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 66(5): 286-8, sept.-oct. 1995.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-164986

ABSTRACT

Con el objeto de uniformar su denominación y facilitar la interpretación de las publicaciones sobre ellas en el país, se sugieren criterios para la caracterización de algunas afecciones respiratorias de los recién nacidos. Se propone hablar de enfermedad de membrana hialina (o síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del prematuro por déficit de surfactante) en casos de prematurez y déficit de surfactante; requerimientos precoces (antes de transcurridas 6 horas desde el nacimiento) de O2, progresivamente mayores y de duración igual o mayor a tres días; opacidad difusa, broncograma aéreo y disminución de volumen pulmonar en las radiografías de tórax. El pulmón inmaduro se caracteriza por prematurez (menos de 28 semanas de edad gestacional), insuficiencia respiratoria causada principalmente por inmadurez morfológica del pulmón, requerimientos de O2 en general bajos (no obstante requieran ventilación mecánica), no progresivos y de duración igual o mayor a 7 días, con alteraciones pulmonares mínimas inespecíficas, con volumen pulmonar conservado en las radiografías de tórax. El pulmón húmedo o taquipnea transitoria es un trastorno en que los antecedentes no son requisitos determinantes para hacer el diagnóstico y sus manifestaciones clínicas son taquipnea; aumento de los requerimientos de O2, generalmente no progresivos y de corta duración igual o menor a 5 días; infiltrado intersticial, cisuras visibles y aumento del volumen pulmonar en las radiografias de tórax


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Diagnosis, Differential , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/diagnosis , Terminology , Data Collection , Hyaline Membrane Disease/diagnosis , Hyaline Membrane Disease/etiology , Hyaline Membrane Disease/physiopathology , Neonatology , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/physiopathology , Tertiary Healthcare
14.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 65(3): 161-5, mayo-jun. 1994. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-140487

ABSTRACT

Se describe un recién nacido afectado por varias malformaciones cardiovasculares (estenosis valvular pulmonar severa, defecto septal interventricular, aorta bicúspide), riñón en herradura, polidactilia y sindactilia de los ortejos, quien presentó muy precozmente hiperbilirrubinemia de predominio directo, edema, hipoprotrombinemia refractaria a la vitamina K e hipoproteinemia. Después de suministrarle prostaglandina E en las primeras horas de vida y realizar un procedimiento cardiovascular paliativo (anastomosis de arteria sistémica a arteria pulmonar de Blalock-Taussig), con el que cedieron las crisis de apnea y bradicardia que le afectaban, el paciente evolucionó con insuficiencia renal y falleció a la edad de 28 días. En la necropsia se encontró fibrosis hepática, proliferación ductal y con tinción histoquímica de azul de Prusia, múltiples depósitos de fierro en hígado, páncreas, pulmón, tiroides, tracto intestinal y glándulas salivales. Estos hallazgos son característicos de la hemocromatosis perinatal, afección colestásica poco frecuente y de alta letalidad que debe tenerse presente en recién nacidos con insuficiencia hepática precoz y mantenida. La hemocromatosis neonatal no había sido descrita en asociación con malformaciones congénitas significativas, excepto por un caso con atresia esofágica


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Hemochromatosis/pathology , Multiple Organ Failure/complications , Jaundice, Neonatal/complications , Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
15.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 64(3): 175-8, mayo-jun. 1993. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-131722

ABSTRACT

En 24 recién nacidos con poliglogulia se realizó de manera alternativa reemplazo de sangre por plasma o por solución de NaCl 0.9 por ciento , respectivamente, con el objeto de reducir el hematocrito a 55 por ciento y estudiar el efecto de la solución de NaCl sobre el agua, electrólitos, ácidos, bases, proteínas, bilirrubina glucosa y pH en el suero de los pacientes. En todos los casos se utilizaron vías venosas y arteriales periféricas. En ambos grupos se consiguió el objetivo planteado no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al hematocrito alcanzado y las restantes variables estudiadas en ambos subgrupos, sin que tampoco en ellos se detectaran cambios que excediesen de los límites considerados como normales para la edad. El reemplazo parcial de sangre por solución de NaCl 0,9 por ciento es un procedimiento seguro, libre de infecciones o de impedimentos de tipo religioso


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Electrolytes , Polycythemia/therapy , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/administration & dosage , Blood Transfusion/methods , Sodium Chloride/blood , Blood Substitutes/administration & dosage
16.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 64(3): 191-4, mayo-jun. 1993. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-131725

ABSTRACT

Estudiamos en forma prospectiva, desde septiembre de 1969 hasta marzo de 1991, 125.652 recién nacidos en la maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universsidad de Chile en busca de malformaciones congénitas. Encontramos 203 niños con polidactilia, lo que representa una incidencia de 1,6 por 1000 nacidos vivos. En el 64,5 por ciento de los casos fueron del tipo postaxial y 25,6 por ciento preaxial (x2=60,4; p<0,01). En 9,8 por ciento no fue especificado. Polidactilia de manos fue mas frecuente que de pies (65,02 por ciento /34,97 por ciento ) especialmente en las preaxiales (x2=5,03; p<0,05). Polidactilia se asoció a otras malformaciones congénitas en el 17,75 por ciento de los casos. El 57,14 por ciento de los casos fueron varones, lo que se aleja considerablemente de la proporción de sexos en recién nacidos normales (z=1,78, p=0,046). El antecedente de enfermedades agudas del primer trimestre del embarazo y el haber recibido medicamentos en ese período fueron mas frecuentes en niños con polidactilia que en los controles (x2=12,6; p<0,01). La recurrencia familiar fue de 22,17 por ciento


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Bone Diseases, Developmental/epidemiology , Short Rib-Polydactyly Syndrome/epidemiology , Abnormalities, Multiple/epidemiology , Prospective Studies
18.
Pediatría (Santiago de Chile) ; 34(3): 166-70, jul.-sept. 1991. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-112827

ABSTRACT

La definición más usada de asfixia neonatal se ha basado en el test de Apgar, hecho que parece discutible ya que no siempre se correlacionan con el estado ácido-base, aspecto clínico o la evolución neurológica del neonato. Por ello se ha utilizado la medición de pH en sangre de cordón como indicador de asfixia, existiendo algunos trabajos que muestran discrepancias entre el test de Apgar y la severidad de la acidosis al nacer en neonatos de término. Se estudiaron 94 neonatos de término tomádoles muestras de sangre en vena umbilical para medir pH, BE y HCO3. Se definió asfixia como Apgar * 6 al minuto y pH * 7,20. Se analizó la relación entre factores de riesgo determinante de sufrimiento fetal (encontrados en 37 RN) y pH de vena umbilical, encontrando un x 7,27 para este grupo, no existiendo diferencias significativas con el grupo de RN sin riesgo. Se encontró una correlación significativa entre test de Apgar y pH alcanzando un Eta* de 0,63. La sensibilidad del test de Apgar fue sólo de 46,6%, mientras que la especificidad de 93,3%. Concluimos que dada la baja sensibilidad del test de Apgar, resulta necesario el análisis de gases de cordón en todo neonato con alguna evidencia de asfixia perinatal para hacer el diagnóstico correcto de ella


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Male , Female , Apgar Score , Asphyxia Neonatorum/diagnosis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Umbilical Veins , Risk Factors
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